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When AI Doesn’t Know What It Doesn’t Know

21.12.2025 by qfx

A new benchmark reveals that large language models are often overconfident in their predictions and struggle to accurately assess their own uncertainty.

Categories Science

Decoding Neutron Star Collisions with Machine Learning

21.12.2025 by qfx

The study demonstrates that excluding shared components in the Event Triggered (ET) configuration, and conversely including them in the Non-Event-Triggered Maximum Output (NEMO) configuration, fundamentally alters the classification of purely noise-based samples at a signal-to-noise ratio of $0$, highlighting the sensitivity of these systems to underlying architectural choices.

A new approach uses sparse dictionary learning to classify the elusive equation of state governing the behavior of neutron stars by analyzing gravitational waves from simulated mergers.

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The Echo Chamber Effect: How Language Models Amplify Bias

21.12.2025 by qfx

The study demonstrates that large language models exhibit discernible political leanings in news summarization, as evidenced by the cosine similarity between summaries generated from center reporting and source articles from left or right outlets-a metric where deviations from orthogonality indicate bias-and further quantified by the means and covariance ellipses of these similarity distributions across models like Qwen, DeepSeek, Gemini, and GPT.

A new systematic analysis reveals that even the most advanced language models exhibit and perpetuate significant biases across political, cultural, and social domains.

Categories Science

Beyond the Black Box: Standardizing Predictive Process Mining

21.12.2025 by qfx

The SPICE workflow establishes a systematic process for analyzing data.

A new framework aims to address the critical lack of reproducibility in predictive process mining, offering a path toward more reliable and comparable model evaluations.

Categories Science

Sharing Data, Saving Diagnoses: AI Collaboration for Rare Muscle Diseases

21.12.2025 by qfx

A new approach to machine learning allows researchers to improve diagnostic accuracy for collagen VI-related dystrophies without compromising patient privacy.

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Echoes of the Cosmos: Unifying Black Hole Mergers Across the Spectrum

21.12.2025 by qfx

The fraction of gravitational wave background originating from supermassive black hole binaries-descended from dual active galactic nuclei within the COSMOS-Mock and DESI-Mock samples, alongside data from AXIS and the upcoming Roman space telescope-reveals the contribution of these systems to the low-frequency band detectable by pulsar timing arrays, specifically at $f=0.1\,{\rm yr}^{-1}$.

New research connects observations of dual active galactic nuclei with the expected gravitational wave signals from merging supermassive black holes, offering a path towards multi-messenger astronomy.

Categories Science

Decoding X-ray Spectra with AI: A New Approach to Parameter Estimation

21.12.2025 by qfx

The study demonstrates that employing an auto-encoder, or even its encoder as a compression tool prior to neural density estimation with importance sampling, yields posterior distributions remarkably consistent with those derived from the BXA method, surpassing the similarity achieved with principal component analysis or spectral summaries - a finding that underscores the potential for dimensionality reduction to mirror complex inference processes, even as any representational framework ultimately faces the limits of complete fidelity.

Researchers have developed a powerful pipeline leveraging artificial intelligence to accurately model complex X-ray spectra and determine underlying physical parameters.

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Predicting the Unseen: Machine Learning and the Zero-Day Threat

21.12.2025 by qfx

New research demonstrates how combining artificial intelligence with vulnerability data can significantly improve the prediction of zero-day exploit severity.

Categories Science

Turning Uncertainty into Logic: Formalizing Probabilistic System Requirements

21.12.2025 by qfx

The system translates natural language requirements-initially expressed as unstructured English in a comments field-into formally defined semantics and a corresponding $PCTL^*$ formula, demonstrating a pathway from intuitive specification to rigorous, machine-processable logic.

A new approach allows engineers to translate imprecise, natural language descriptions of system behavior into a formal, verifiable logic.

Categories Science

Securing AI: A New Defense Against Model Theft

21.12.2025 by qfx

The proposed deep neural network watermarking framework operates through a two-phase process-generation and embedding, followed by verification-establishing a system designed to both conceal and detect information within data.

Researchers have developed a novel watermarking technique that embeds a hidden signature within deep neural networks, making it harder for malicious actors to steal or repurpose AI models.

Categories Science
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